The Mughal Empire(1556_1707)

Basic information [login to view URL] OF MUGHAL EMPEROR 1.1 Babur and Humanyun Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur the founder of mughal empire in India, was descended on his father's side in the fifth generation fromTimur and through his mother in the fifteenth degree from chingiz [login to view URL] popularly know as 'Mughals'or the descendants of mongols,Timur's descendents prefferd to call themselves the chaghatais,originating from chingiz's second son, Who ruled Transoxiana. Babur was born on 14 february 1484 and succeeded his father, Umar sheikh Mirza, as rular of farghana in june 1494. For twenty years Babur endured served hardship whilst attempting to gain command of the country between the oxus and the jaxartes which comprised the cultural and commercial centres of samarqand and bukhara. The people of samarkand loved him,and initially his surprise invation of the country in 1500 was successful: but in 1501 shaibani khan uzbek descedant of chingiz khan's eldest son jochi, rose to power in the region and defected him. Although this reduced babur to a mere fugitive in june 1504 he took kabul from one of his uncles. Babur pacified the afghan tribes there and collected tribute from them with great tact and patience. He also married the daughter of a Yusufzai leader in order to strengthen his friendship with the tribes. In december 1510 Shah ismail Safavi of iran defeated the slew shaibani and sent his sister, who had been married to shaibani,to babur In october 1511 Babir seized samarqand as shah ismail's vassal,promising to issue coin in the shah's name and to adopt the shia lifestyle. This made him unpopular in the predominantly orthodox sunni country. The uzbeks,under shaibani's nephew 'Ubaid Ullah khan, subsequentlly rappied their forces, and after two years Babur was forced to return to kabul. There he acquired firearms with the help of Turkish gunners and stregthened his army.