Hi there,
The requirements look quite clear and straightforward. I'm not sure if you strictly require this to be a desktop application accessible on the network but if you don't mind it to be a web app I think d3js is just the tool you need. I'm thinking of creating this as a php, or preferably python if you're ok with it, web application which utilizes d3js on the frontend. d3js is a very capable and extendable tool and would meet your pretty much all of your visualization/graph needs. I'm not sure what kind of operations you expect to do on the axis though except, if you can elaborate on this and the grap settings you expect that'd really help. d3js can easily handle scaling and gridlines.
Regarding multiple users, that might use some clearance as well. Is each user supposed to has his own set of files, graph settings, ect. or a personal acccount with password in general? If so any admin user to manage them? Or contrary, are all of the users supposed to share the same files and graph settings?
If the actual records in the sample file treated as a csv record, e.g D=39.580,QC=2.2709,FS=18.0,U=1344.8,TA=1.61,O=6.1,B=23,%20190424050916463 there're 8 columns if I'm not mistaken. The last one looks like datetime but still there'd be 7 columns if it's left out. Can you elaborate on this?
10000 columns is rather weird, did you means rows by any chance? Either way we can use mysql or postgresql for the database.
We can further discuss once the details above are cleared, thanks.